Measles case load reaches 900 -- across 29 states

Measles reported by Public Health officers /

Reporters

ABC News

at least 6 states have outbreaks --

Michigan, Indiana, Kansas, Ohio

New Mexico, and

TEXAS.

abcnews.com/Health/900-cases-us/story

Medical School authorities

CDC officials

National Science Foundation cancels 700 projects day after director resigned

S. Panchanathan

abruptly resigned from his

position; the 700-project

cancellation come one week

after another 400 projects 

were cut by Elon Musk,

temporary government employee.

USA Today dot-com/national

science foundation DOGE cuts

April 28, 2025

Trump nominee for top prosecutor in District of Columbia -- J6 sympathizer gained his praise

Ed Martin

associated with 

January 6, 2021 insurrectionists/

rioters

such as NAZI sympathizer

Timothy Hale-Cusanelli

April 24, 2025 - rollingstone.com

reporters Nikki M. Ramirez, Andrew Perez

Canadians to vote in Parliamentary election when POTUS 47 says "51st State"

Early Monday morning

April 28, 2025

POTUS 47 #DJT

did not give up his obsession

with Canada, tweeting on X

"Canadians should vote for the

man who make their country part

of the beautiful U.S. of A."

"It is a beautiful landmass - he extolled"

It doesn't make sense as a country

forecasted the NY City Queens native. . .

Layoffs in RV industry : Heartland RV, Cruiser RV, DRV RV to lay off thousands

These manufacturing RV brands suddenly

announced after Easter (April 20, 2025)

that plants in

Elkhart, IN vicinity

Sturgis, MI

would "let go of thousands of

workers"; CEO of Greater Elkhart

Chamber of Commerce told

ABC 57 News reporters that

the layoffs could be attributed to

1) Tariffs

2) strains on the retail market

3) record COVID years

abc57.com/ News Story April 23, 

2025 "Night Team" coverage

Museum on DEI exclusion of Historical relic : Nat Turner's Bible [ scrubbed by Smithsonian Museum of African American Experience ]

 What was 

NAT TURNER's

Bible?

see

nmaahc.si.edu/object

nmaahc_2011.28

the Virginia slave leader/

insurrection planner was

b. 1800?

died at hands of authorities 1831

Ukraine is facing two Nuclear-armed opponents: Russia under PUTIN and N. Korea under Kim

North Korea has admitted that it has declared

war on European democracy

Ukraine;

as the former Soviet

Union autocracy faces

MAY 8, 2025 "Victory

Day" 80th anniversary

of the Allies victory over

Nazi / Fascist alliance of

Hitler + Mussolini,

KIM JONG UN confirmed

Monday April 28 for the first

time that it sent troops to

fight on behalf of its ally,

Putin's Russia / Kremlin,

in the amount of 10 - 12,000.

politico.com/2025/04/27

Bill Owens

CBS Producer of

_60 Minutes_

resigned instead of being fired

by Paramount Corporation that

owns CBS News and CBS Entertainment

See CBS News.com for

"The Last Minute" Scott Pelley impersonates

Andy Rooney and tells why everyone on the

Staff is upset about his resignation after 4 decades 

QUOTATION OF Pelley former Nightly News anchor:

Paramount began to 

supervise our content

in new ways. . ./ / /

No one here is happy

about it. . .

Cyndi Lauper, OutKast, SoundGarden, other individuals & bands : Rock and Roll Hall of Fame

Announced April 28 -- see Washingtonpost

dot-com online breaking news:

The Rock & Roll Hall of Fame, Cleveland, OH

has announced the incoming class

of landmark and well-deserving

"Rock Legends"

for 2025 the class includes

Cyndi Lauper (b. 1953)

SoundGarden (a band)

and OutKast (a duo)

among many others / combinations

APRIL 28, 2025

Conclave (officially begins May 7, unofficially has already begun)

April 28 : Pre-Conclave meetings of the 149

global Cardinals are proceeding in the

Vatican City for almost daily gatherings called

"General Congregations"

SEE FURTHER: NCR online.org/

vatican/process-select-new-pope-has-already-begun-cardinals-are-meeting-daily

pre-conclave

Dateline = April 27, 2025 

Rome, by reporter for National Catholic Report organization

Christopher White

Having so much fun -- ATLANTIC dot-com -- TRUMP tells Parker and Scherer

 at

THE ATLANTIC web platform

article posted from ace reporters

Ashley Parker & Michael Scherer

April 2025 online edition

TRUMP told Parker & Scherer

I'm having a lot of fun, considering

what I do, what I do is such serious

stuff. . .That would be a big shattering,

wouldn't it?  It's not something I'm

looking to do.  And I think it would

be a very hard thing to do. . .

The difference between the angels of God and the children of men

William Hooker

The Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity (1593)

Part VI

In the matter of knowledge,

there is between the angels

of God and the children

of men this difference:

angels already have full

and complete knowledge

in the highest degree that

can be imparted unto them;

men, if we view them in

their spring, are at the first

without understanding or

knowledge at all.  Nevertheless,

from this utter vacuity they

grow by degrees, till they come

at length to be even as the

angels themselves are.  That 

which agreeth to the one now,

the other shall attain unto in

the end; they are not so disjoined

and severed, but at the end they

come at length to meet.  

The soul of Man being therefore 

at the first as a book where nothing is 

and yet therefore at the first 

all things may be imprinted;

we are to search by what steps and

degrees it riseth to perfection of

knowledge.

from The Protestant Reformation edited by Hans J. Hillerbrand, Harper

Torchbooks, 1968, paperback edition

How long could the Pope's election take? Beginning 9 days after funeral

Historical Precedent:

the longest time between a Pope's funeral

and the next election was

2 years, 7 months

[sed vacante_]

due to infighting between

the French and Italian factions

of the cardinals.

That gap of leadership ended

in 1271 C.E. with election

of Gregory X.

Massive Port Explosion

Shahid Rajaei port

near Bandar Abbas

in Southern IRAN.

npr.org/2025/04/26/nx-s1-530875/

iran-port-explosion-deaths

As of Sunday, 40 known dead and

+1,000 injured

On Sunday April 27, NPR reports that Iran's ally, Russia

and its president-dictator V. Putin deployed several

emergency assistance helicopters to Bandar Abbas to

provide aircraft assistance.

The Atlantic [ media watch-dog ] granted interview : "I Run the Country and the World"

[ more quotable Musings of POTUS Trump 2.0

 " The first time I had 2 things to do --

run the country and survive;

I  had all these crooked guys

POSTED Monday April 28 early a.m.

Trump granted an oval office interview

with reporters Ashley Parker and Michael Scherer

where he is quoted

and the second time --

I run the country and the world"

also on hand for the D.C.

interview ahead of the 18-hour

intercontinental shuttle from

Dover AF Base for "Air Force One"

that served to bring together POTUS

Trump 2.0 and those in the "E"s

Estonia, European Union

was EDITOR Jeffrey Goldberg.

PBS Host of

Washington Week with the Atlantic

theatlantic.com/national/archive/2025/04/trumps-first-100-days/682614/

"The Magician's Nephew" C.S. Lewis' Chronicles_of_Narnia installment (in feature film production)

Studio thus far is

DIRECTOR: Greta Gerwig

Voice-acting for Aslan is Meryl Streep

Emma Mackey has been cast as "Jadis / the White Witch"

The feature film is due Thanksgiving 2026 on I Max theaters

internationally

What was "Frequent Wind"? April - May 1975

vietnamwar50th.com/education/week_of_May_2/

On April 29, 1975

American leaders initiated Operation

Frequent Wind, the final American

evacuation of Vietnam :

the fall of Saigon.

During April 29 & April 30,

U.S. helicopters managed to 

evacuate over 7,000 people

from Saigon.  South Vietnam

would be annexed by North Vietnam.

This is the Week

Secy. of State Marco Rubio, former Congressman (8 terms)

and U.S. Senator (2011-24) from the State of Florida,

expounded today on Meet The Press, the longest-

running TV news interview/panel show that

This is the week when

POTUS Trump 2.0 will

decide whether to continue

pursuing a negotiated settlement

in Russia's invasions/wars of

Ukraine (2012 & 2022) OR . . .

if he will turn his attention

to OTHER MATTERS (!) . . .

Even with the show moderator

asking about details from Steve

Witkoff (informal negotiator

who visited Kremlin),

Rubio did not give further

details of the status of

such Russia-Ukraine talks.

nbcnews.com/ for Transcript . . .

Gregory the Great - Doctor of the Church - Dialogue IV on God's will for Lion & Man of God (I Samuel ch. 13)

Gregory the Great

a prolific author and great unifier of

the Western Church; after death

canonized a saint; was elected Pope

in 590 C.E. and served until his

death in 604.

It is written in the Scriptures,

But the just man, though he die

early, shall be at rest [Wisdom

of Solomon 4:7].  What, then,

does it matter to the just if

they undergo harsh treatment at

death, since they are on their

way to eternal life?  Sometimes,

perhaps, it is a fault of theirs,

slight though it be, that has to

be expiated by such a death.  For

this reason the reprobate are given

power over the just while they

[those being martyred / abused]

are still alive.  But once the

just have died, the wicked are

punished all the more severely

because of the cruel power they

exercised against holy people.

This is demonstrated in the case

of the barbarian who was permitted

by God to strike down the deacon

but was not allowed to rejoice

over his death [13th chapter of

First Samuel on the Man of God

and the old prophet who lied

to him]. . .The man of God who

was sent to Samaria stopped on 

the way for a meal, contrary to

God's command.  For this 

disobedience he was killed by

a lion.  But Scripture at once

adds that the donkey and the lion

were standing by the dead prophet,

and 'the lion had not eaten of

the dead body.'  From this passage

we see that the sin of disobedience

was atoned for by his death, because

the lion attacked the living prophet

and killed him, yet did not dare

touch him once he was dead.  God allowed

the beast to kill, but not to eat

of its kill, because the prophet,

though blameworthy in life, was

sanctified in the death he suffered

as a punishment for his disobedience.

In the first instance the lion took

away the life of a sinner; in the second

he stood guard over the body of a just man.

DIALOGUES (Transl. by O.J. Zimmerman for

VOL. 39 of Fathers of the Church series,

CUA Press, Washington DC, 1959)

Isho'dad of Merv (ancient Christian Commentator) - I Samuel Chapter 13 tries to discern

 I Samuel 13: 11, 18-19

[The old prophet in Bethel] said to the

[man of God who came out of Judah]

I also am a prophet as you

are, and an angel spoke to

me by the word of the LORD,

saying, 'Bring him back with

you into your house that he may

eat bread and drink water.'

but he lied to him . . .

So he (the man of God) went

back with him, and ate bread

in his house, and drank water.

from Isho'dad of Merv's

Books of Sessions 1st Kings

13.11

Some authors assert that 

the old prophet was NOT an

impostor but invited the man

of God to eat out of human

sympathy in order to refresh

and thank him for admonishing

Jeroboam.  That is why God did

not harm the old prophet as a

consequence of this.  

According to some other authors,

the old man was a false prophet

because, if he had been a true

prophet, as others maintained, he 

would not have seduced a true

prophet, and his children would

not have served in a house of

idols in Bethel; therefore it was

in order to seduce him that the

old man went to meet the man

of God/prophet.

Isho'dad of Merv was a Nestorian Bishop of

Hedatta.  He wrote commentaries on parts

of the Old Testament and all of the New 

Testament, frequently quoting Syriac fathers.

Wisconsin Judge's arrest last week send chilling message

Washington Post online article

quotes / cites

law scholars

and historians

and critics

[ Sunday April 27, 2025 online edition ]

Lion - attributes and symbolism

Judges 14:18 Lion mentioned for its strength;

2 Samuel  17:10 Lion mentioned for boldness;

Psalm 7:2 Lion mentioned for ferocity;

Psalms 10:9 & 17:12 for stealth.

They are regarded as frightening : Ezra 19:7

Hosea 11:10    Amos 3:8

and destructive (1 Samuel 17:34; Micah 5:8)

as well as territorially protective (Isaiah 31:4).

The classical portrayal of a lion frightening

his prey and silently stalking it to devour it is:

I Peter 5:8

A counter example of a lion's traits resembling

God is Amos 3:8

Ancient Roads from Christ to Constantine (2015 Public TV documentary: 6 episodes)

check your local station schedule (PBS)

as far as beginning - middle - ending

episodes [may be aired with periodic

and frequent pledge break pleading]

imdb.com/title/tt4991446/?ref_=ttep_ov

Episodes titled

Birth of a faith

The Great Missionary (Paul)

Age of the Apostles

From Apocalypse to Heresies

Pagans and Cult of Martyrs (Perpetua)

Age of Constantine (original airing May 2015)

Author: HOST

Jonathan Phillips, Univ. London, U.K.

After Joe Donnelly, former U.S. Senator (Indiana)

Brian Burch, age 49

is the nominee of the Trump 2.0 - Vance administration

to become Ambassador to the Holy See (Vatican City, a nation)

He is president of CatholicVote since

2000, and oversaw the group's endorsement

of Donald J. Trump in 2024.

When he is "vetted" by the Senate Foreign 

Relations committee upcoming in Spring'

2025 -- he will be likely introduced by

someone different than the Senior

Senator (Dick Durbin) or the Junior

Senator (Tammy Duckworth).

His X account, according to Nat.Catholic

Ronline.org/, has been silent since

Dec. 8, 2024 but it acknowledged on 

Dec. 20, 2024 that Trump's nomination

is a testament to the importance of

Catholics in the United States.  Burch

attended Catholic schools in Phoenix, AZ.

College at Univ. of Dallas, a favorite

school for traditionalist Catholics.

Pope Leo XIII (20th Century Pope not buried in Vatican)

This 20th Century Pope was interred at

Saint John Lateran and today in 2025

(one of 3 21st Century popes, thus far

elected in Conclaves)

the simple coffin of Pope Francis

will also be interred at

Santa Maria Maggiore (St. Mary Major)

in the "heart of Rome", Italy.

Four kilometers (2.5 miles) from

St. Peter's Basilica.

Francis' burial site will be in a

simple underground tomb.

Other popes (6) who share this final

resting place were:

Pope Honorius III (1150-1227);

Pope Nicholas IV (1227 - 1292);

Saint Pius V (elected Pope in 1566 - d. 1572)

Pope Sixtus V (b. 1521 - he died 1590);

Pope Clement VIII (b. 1536 - he died 1605)

Pope Clement IX (b. 1600 - he died 1669) - more than 350 years ago.

Mykola Bychok, Bishop

Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church in Australia

has a R. Catholic cardinal based in Melbourne, Australia.

He was elevated to the rank of Cardinal

Dec. 7, 2024 by Pope Francis, having served as Eparch

of Saints Peter and Paul of Melbourne since 2020.

Age 45

is the youngest cardinal of the 135 and is the first

Australian-based cardinal since George Pell.

His area is to serve Ukrainian Catholics in

Australia, New Zealand, and Oceania.

Readings (Papal Mass) - Funeral of Pope Francis

Reading from Acts 

Reading from Philippians

Psalm 23

Gospel from JOHN : chapter 21

Cardinal Georgio Marengo, age 50

an Italian prelate from the Roman Catholic Church

he was created a cardinal by Pope Francis on

27 August 2022 at the Consistory,

Vatican City

He is the Cardinal for

Outer Mongolia.

Louis Raphael Sako

created a cardinal for Iraq 7 years ago

by Pope Francis;

Sako was

Patriarch of Baghdad since 2013

born 1948

Chaldean Catholic prelate

he stated that he hopes interfaith dialogue will

be a priority for the future Pope.

He is one of 136 eligible cardinals to vote in

Conclave, that follows

today's funeral in St. Peter's

Square (an outdoor service).

Bartholomew, Patriarch of the Orthodox Church, Constantinople

Friday April 25, 2025

the Patriarch of the Orthodox Church

Bartholomew

left from Constantinople, Turkey Airport

and is accompanied by Elder Metropolitan

Emmanuel of Chalcedon, (the Grand Ecclesiarch), and

Aetios, director of the Private Patriarchal Office

All were invited to St. Peter's Square for the Funeral

of Pope Francis, Vatican City, Italy

orthodoxtimes.com/ 

James Martin, S.J. : fellow Jesuit brother to Jorge Mario Bergoglio, Priest S.J., Archbishop, Pope

Interviewed by David Muir at

3:50 a.m.

April 26, 2025

gave personal anecdotes and shared

e-images of a "Town Hall" on

ABC - News , conducted in Spanish

language

Pope mobile : hearse for the Pope's Coffin / April 26, 2025

Saturday a.m.

announced that his hearse carrying his body from

St. Peter's Basilica, Vatican City to

Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome

an ancient basilica in Rome proper

Jorge Mario Bergoglio

10 a.m. local time

26 April 2025

POPE FRANCIS'

 Funeral at St. Peter's Basilica

main square in Vatican City

ABC News

Pope (2013 - 2025)

his life and his legacy

______________________

at end

Prayer of the Eastern Churches /

Eastern Rite (Melkite, Maronite)

in Greek and other ancient languages

[ Aramaic, Syrian, Armenian, et al.]

Sonia Sotomayor Hall

Princeton University

Princeton, NJ

She is an alumna (Class of '76) and presently an associate Justice on

the Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS).

See details at 

princeton.edu/news/2025/04/18/princeton-dedicates-building-unveils-portrait-

honor-us-supreme-court-justice

April 30, 1975

50 years ago,

the United States withdrew from South Vietnam

at the "end" of the Vietnam War.

The unified nation made Hanoi its new capital.

Joseph Cardinal Zen

Permitted today to leave his country (Hong Kong, China)

by authorities who accepted his application to leave the

country for the Sistine Chapel.

The 93-year-old had his passport confiscated in 2022

after his arrest under a "national-security" law.

Given his age, Zen will not be among the 135 cardinals

voting for the next Pontiff.

nbcnews.com/

Separately, Hong Kong cardinal Stephen Chow will

travel to the Vatican for the post-funeral Conclave.

Revelation 1:8

 I am the Alpha and

the Omega, the Beginning

and the End. . .

The Son is not simply one as in 

made up of one thing, not many

as in made up of parts, but he

is one as in made up of all

things.  Hence also, to put it

another way, all things are one.

For he is the Circle of all

powers which are enclosed and 

united into one.  On account

of this, the Word is called

"the Alpha and the Omega",

not only does the end become

the beginning in a circle,

it also finishes the circle again,

and thus it does not receive

any separation from the earlier

beginning.  Therefore, to believe

in him and through him is to

become a unity, being continuously

united in him.  But to lack faith

is doubt, separation, and division.

[from Stromateis IV. 25. 156-7

by Clement of Alexandria]

Ross Douthat (N.Y. Times columnist; acclaimed author)

Douthat focused on Faith / Religion / Conservative Politics /

Philosophy / Political movements & 21st Century / History

OPINION PAGE:

. . .I think of Trump as, persistently,

a kind of pagan or heathen figure,

much more than he is a Christian

figure.  Not withstanding the attempts

to claim him as a kind of King David

or Emperor Constantine.  .  . The

bargain for religious conservatives

with Trump is for protection and support.

A transactional bargain.  . .Particular

steps Trump-Vance administration has

taken are anti-Christian. . .the way in

which the foreign aid programs were

reshuffled and cut off was a failure of

Christian duty. . .

Papal Funeral - guest list - Saturday April 26, 2025, 4 a.m. Eastern

Joseph Biden and Dr. Jill Biden

will attend the Papal Funeral

of POPE Francis / Franciscus

at Vatican City, Italy

Saturday April 26, 2025

10 a.m. Rome Time Zone;

also invited was President

of Argentina (would-be

extremist dictator-type)

/ / /

Surprise attendee will be

Scotland's First Minister

John Swinney.

scotsman.com/news/politics/

the-surprise-scottish-attendee-

confirmed-to-attend-pope-franciss-

funeral-in-rome

THE Funeral actually takes place in

Vatican City, St. Peter's Basilica;

the burial is in Santa Maria Maggiore

which is a major Basilica in Rome, Italy.

Anonymous Scholion on Rev. 4:1 [volume 144, Fathers of the Church series]

Revelation 4:1 After these things I looked,

and behold, an opened door in heaven, and 

the first voice, which I heard speaking with

me  like a trumpet, was saying, Come up here,

and I will show you what is necessary to be

after these things!

from Writings on the Apocalypse (2022, CUA

Press) transl. & edited by Prof. T.C. Schmidt

teaches New Testament & Early Christianity

at Fairfield University.

It is necessary to peruse the God-breathed

Scripture [compare II Timothy 3:16] more

intelligently so that we may not incur

derision from the wise of the world 

[I Cor.1:20] For they, 

having heard that 

there was a door opened in heaven, 

consign it as an impossible thing 

to be said.  

For what we shall speak to them are not 

the things that are recorded obviously, 

but according to what is hidden.  

The essence of supra-sensible things 

is often signified in SCRIPTURE 

with the title of "Heaven."  

Therefore, whenever it says that a door 

was opened in heaven, 

we understand that 

according to our interpretation as 

the nature of supra-sensible things, 

and particularly so whenever one of

the saints says that he ascended there.

Notice that it is not written that another

entity took John up, like that which 

happened to Elijah, but that he was 

appointed to ascend by a voluntary 

impulse to there where he who

called him exists.  And he was in heaven.

But he says that he who summoned him did 

so with a great voice like a trumpet, 

speaking to him with the text that 

has been presented.

But what is spoken in this manner 

symbolizes the lofty utterances of 

supra-sensible things,

which were lucidly presented to him.

 [comparable to Origen of Alexandria's COMMENTARY

on JOHN Book II. 46 - 47]

Federal cutbacks (HHS Secy. RFK, Jr.) may stop "Meals on Wheels" after September (FY 2026); Proposed 2026 budget to slash anti-poverty programs

UPDATE: Friday April 25 -- expected submission of Fed. Budget

(FY 2026) will eliminate Head Start, HUD Rental assistance programs,

Home Investment Partnerships Programs, nation's health research

apparatus ($40 billion cut)

NYTimes.com/2025/04/25/us/politics/trump-budget-cuts.html

________________________________________________

The federal agency

Administration for Community Living

is being downsized and the executive

officer for U.S.Aging_ declared to

Reed Abelson, reporter that

If the funding does not arrive, in a lot

of communities, you will be looking

at cuts in services.

April 25, 2025

NY TIMES

If all living Cardinals of the R. Catholic / Eastern Rite church participate. . .

 At the upcoming Conclave in the Sistine Chapel,

Vatican City

if all of the 135 eligible Cardinals (under the age of 80)

vote and speak and confer with one another,

90 (a 2/3 consensus) are required to

elect the new Pope.  That individual

will be presented to the awaiting

multitude who look for the "white

smoke" coming out from the

Renaissance - era chapel.  In charge

ahead of that election is the

Camerlengo [Italian for "chamberlain"].

Once they enter Conclave, no one else

can be admitted nor can anyone exit

before the election.

Streets will be closed while authorities in Rome and Swiss Guard take Pope's coffin to burial

USA TODAY summed up the total

security presence will be exceptional and

full to be "airport-like" as the measures

for the area around St. Peter Basilica will

guard the world leaders and the notable guests

of the Vatican for the Papal Funeral that

comes 10 a.m. local Time on

Saturday April 26, 2025

Notable dignitaries from Catholic countries are

Taoiseach Micheal Martin, P.M. Giorgia Meloni,

King Felipe VI and Queen Letizia of Spain,

Philippines President Ferdinand Marcos, Jr.,

longtime friend of Francis was Brazil's President

Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, Andrzej Duda of Poland,

Emmanuel Macron of France, Olaf Scholz (outgoing

Chancellor of Germany), Peter Pellegrini of Slovakia,

Alexander Van der Bellen (President of Austria),

Gitanas Nauseda (President of Lithuania), Edgars

Rinkevics (President of Estonia), King Philippe

and Queen Mathilde of Belgium.

This year Easter was late and

coincidentally fell due to the

Paschal moon on the same date

for R. Catholic & Eastern rite

churches as it did for the Orthodox

calendar's reckoning.  Now is the

first week post-Easter and Pope

Francis survived the Holy Week - 

Easter celebration, even meeting

at the very last, "baby" Catholic

convert JD Vance who was only

baptized as a 30something convert

from atheism after his celebrity

memoir, Hilbilly Elegy and megastar

political career lately supporting Trump 2.0

candidacy.  Vance continues in India

while POTUS and FLOTUS travel

to Italy's capital to join in the funeral.

Donald Trump wore a blue suit with

white shirt and red tie -- among

fellow mourner-heads of state he 

alone wore a blue suit, Zelinsky was

criticized for not wearing a tie.

Revelation 21:1

 There will be a new heaven and a new earth.

Commentator: Gregory the Great Moralia on Job 17.9

He was a Pope, elected in 590 until his death in 604 C.E.

this translation by Mark DelCogliano for Fathers of the

Church, vol. 144 (2022, CUA Press) pages 78 - 79

Writings on the Apocalypse.

"Let us distinguish how earth and heaven either

pass away or remain.  Both of them pass away

in terms of the form which they now possess,

but yet continue to exist without end in terms

of their essence.  So it is said by (Apostle) Paul:

For the form of this world is passing away.

[First Epistle to Corinthians 7:31] And for this

reason Truth himself said: Heaven and earth

will pass away, but my words will not pass

away [Matt.24:35 ; Mark 13:31 ; Luke 21:33]. 

For this reason too, it is said to John (in Apoc.

21:1) by the voice of the angel: There will be

a new heaven and a new earth. 

It is not  that a different heaven and earth

will be created, but the same heaven and earth

are renewed.  So then, heaven and earth indeed

both pass away and will continue to be, because

they are cleansed by fire of the form they now

possess, and yet they are preserved in their

eternal nature.  So, it is said by the Psalmist:

You will change them, and they will be changed

(PSALMS 101:27).  This final transformation of

theirs they now announce to us by those very

alternations which they ceaselessly perform for

our benefit.  For earth loses its form by the dryness

of winter, yet is made green by the moisture of

spring.  Each day heaven is covered over by the

darkness of night and renewed by the brightness

of day.  Hence, then let every believer realize that 

both perishing and re-establishment through

renewal happen to those things which, it is clear,

are constantly restored to life as if from death!

Veto of punitive measure against public & education librarians

North Dakota (GOP) governor

Kelly Armstrong

vetoed a measure approved by the state

House and Senate that would have punished

with fines or jail time those librarians who didn't

keep separate and inaccessible materials they

judged to be obscene or harmful to juveniles.

DETAILS : NYTimes.com/2025/04/24/us-north-dakota-governor-veto.html

Auschwitz-Birkenau : liberation of NAZI death camps happened 80 years ago today

April 24, 1945

www.auschwitz.org/

Revelation 19:10

Author of this commentary on the Apocalypse / Revelation

{final book of the New Testament Canon}

is

Gregory the Great -- canonized saint, doctor of the Church,

elected Pope in 590 and served until his death 604 C.E.

from Writings on the Apocalypse (Fathers of the Church

series volume 144, published 2022)

See that you do not do that!  I am your fellow servant

and one of your brothers (Apocalypse 19:10)

From Gregory's Homilies on the Gospels Book VIII

"Lot and Joshua worship angels and yet

are not prohibited from worshiping them

[ see Genesis 19:1 and Joshua 5:13-15 ].

But in the Apocalypse John wants to worship

an angel, and yet the same angel stops him

from feeling obligated to worship him, saying:

See that you do not do that!  I am your fellow

servant and one of your brothers. Why is it

that before the advent of the Redeemer angels

are worshipped by human beings and they

remain silent, but afterwards they balk at being

worshipped?  It must be because after they

behold our nature, which they formerly despised,

taken up above themseves, they become fearful

of seeing it placed beneath themselves.  No

longer did they dare to scorn as beneath themselves

and weak what they venerate above themselves,

namely, in the King of heaven (JESUS Christ the

Lord).  Nor do they disdain having a human being

as their companion, seeing that they worship the

GOD-Man above themselves.

Revelation 17:15

from Writings on the Apocalypse FC Volume 144 (CUA Press, 2022)

translated and edited as a kind of anthology and commentary highlights

Author from ancient Church is

Gregory the Great (canonized saint, Pope from 

590 - 604 C.E., originated a great literary corpus)

Homilies on Ezekiel Book I, section 8

On Revelation 17.15: The waters that

you saw are peoples.

In sacred Scripture it is the custom for "peoples"

to be designated by waters.  And so, it said by John

(in Revelation to John) the waters are peoples.

So then, a people is designated by waters, because

in life it has the sound of the tumult of the flesh

and flows away each day by the downward course

of mortality.

[ page 72, translation & edited by Mark DelCogliano]

Revelation 21:18

From FC Volume 144: editor translator

Mark DelCogliano -- Gregory the Great:

writings on the Apocalypse, pp. 70-71

The city itself was pure gold,

clear as glass.

By the term "gold" is understood

the splendor of the heavenly City, as

when John (in Revelation) testifies

that he say it, saying: "The city

itself was pure gold, clear as glass".

Now the gold, of which that city consists

is said to be like glass, so that both

by the gold may be designated its

brightness and the glass its clearness.

And again, by the term "gold" is 

suggested charity as when the same

John beheld the angel speaking with him

having a golden girdle around his

breast (see Revelation 1:13 and 15:6).

For surely, insofar as the breasts of

the citizens of heaven are no longer

subjected to the fear of punishment and

are not divided from each other by any

dissension, they bind themselves together

by charity alone.  For to have a golden

girdle around the breast is to bind together 

all the movements of our unstable thoughts

through the bonds of love alone!

Gregory the Great's Moralia on Job 34.15

[transl. and edited in 2022 Writings on the

Apocalypse ISBN: 9780813234915 ]

Aftermath of Book Banning effort led by Secy. of Defense Hegseth : Naval Academy Library

381 Books were banned one day ahead of the

visit by the newly confirmed Secy. of Defense

early this winter; the Fleet Admiral that Library

is named after

Chester W. Nimitz (5-star naval

hero of W.W. II, who graduated

from the Naval Academy in 1905).

His granddaughter, Sarah, in an interview

said: "I think he would have expected

honest pushback.  He never thought

the Academy would fold."

At least 2 members of the faculty

have resigned in protest of the book

ban and 18 of the faculty have opted

for early retirement, according to

several campus officials.

Also recently in the cross-hairs of

the book banners was Documentarian

Ken Burns : who was bringing to

the Naval Academy privately to

a select group of midshipmen his

2025 documentary on the American

revolution.  In late March this year,

that April 22 event was ordered 

re-scheduled to next year, after an

initial order to cancel the showing.

Bancroft Memorial Lecture (U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD)

Militaries and Authoritarian Regimes:

Coups, Corruption, and the

Costs of Losing Democracy

Lecturer: Dr. Ruth Ben-Zhiat, New York

University [she is Professor of History

and Italian Studies]

Thursday October 10, 2024

1200 noon / / / / /

info on a flyer approved by the Naval Academy

featuring a lecturer who has been critical

of Candidate Trump ( 2021,2022,2023 )

The lecture has been cancelled Oct. 4, 2024

[one month before the 2024 Presidential election]

it was not

re-scheduled

Jonas Gahr Store

Prime Minister of Norway

meeting today in the Oval Office with

POTUS Trump 2.0

Norway is a NATO member;

the two heads of state are expected to

discuss the negotiations Trump is leading

to end war between Russia and Ukraine (invaded

in 2022).

Trump said to reporters that he believed Putin

would heed his (Trump's) plea to stop attacks

on Kyiv, Ukraine ; nine in a residential neighborhood

were killed early today (April 24, 2025).

Trump and his negotiator, Steve Witkoff, have pushed 

ahead with "deals" favoring Moscow & the Kremlin

(Putin and his generals).

Revelation 13:13

So that he made fire come down from heaven

[commentary by Gregory the Great in

Moralia in Job 33. 37 ]

translation of Gregory's commentary on

Apocalypse / Revelation to John ch. 13

For at that time every soul is like a boiling pot,

enduring the vehemence of its own thoughts

as if it were the foam of scalding waves,

which both the fire of zeal sets in motion and temporal

oppressiveness itself keeps confined with like a pot.

[refers to Book of Job 41:11]

And so, John, too, when telling of the portents of

this beast, added: So that he made fire come down

from heaven (Apocalypse 13:13). Indeed, for fire

to come down from heaven is for flames of holy

zeal to shoot out from the heavenly regions into

the souls of the elect.

Revelation 12:1

Gregory the Great (Canonized Saint, Doctor of the Ancient Church,

Pope from 590 - 604 C.E.)

On Revelation 12.1 : A woman clothed with the sun

and with the moon under her feet

(pages 64-5, translated by Mark DelCogliano,

FC 144 in 2022)

When the sun is used figuratively in Scripture,

sometimes it designates the Lord, sometimes

persecution, sometimes the clear sign of

something, but sometimes the understanding

of the wise.  Now by the "sun" the Lord is

figuratively as when in the Book of Wisdom

[of Solomon, Apocrypha] it is testified that

all the impious on the day of final judgment

will say in full knowledge of their own

damnation: "We strayed from the way of

truth, and the lights of righteousness did

not shine upon us, and the sun did not

rise up on us" (Wisdom of Solomon 5:6).

It is as if they were saying in plain speech:

"The ray of inward light did not shine upon

us."  In a similarly manner, John [book of

Revelation] said: A woman clothed with

the sun and with the moon under her feet.

For by the "sun" is understood the illumination

of Truth, whereas by the "moon," which wanes

when the month is completed, the changeableness

of temporal existence.  But because the

holy Church is protected by the splendor of

light from above, she is, as it were, clothed

with the sun.  But because she despises all

temporal things, she tramples the moon under

her feet.

(from Gregory's Moralia on Job chapter 34)

Gregory the Great - Biblical commentator

He was canonized and declared a "Doctor of the Church";

elected Pope in 590 and held office until his death in 604 C.E.

Left behind his Moralia on Job a line-by-line commentary as well

as Homilies on the Gospels and Ezekiel 1-4 & 40; a Book of

Testimonies that likely included Commentary on the Apocalypse

(Book of the Revelation to John).  He used figural / allegorical

interpretation as well as a grammatical exegesis . . .

Mark DelCogliano (transl. and editor) for FATHERS of the CHURCH

series (CUA Press, 2022) Volume 144

Central to Gregory's eschatology is the idea

that at the end of the era of the Church, Satan

is released from his bondage with all his

strength for a final testing of humanity: Gregory

is no millennialist, interpreting the "thousand

years" not literally but as the present, long,

indeterminate length of the Church's reign, 

however long it may be.

No compromise with Trump (U Penn graduate), says Harvard President Alan Garber

Wed. April 23, 2025

Harvard University will NOT bend to

the Trump - Vance (graduate of Yale) 

administration's demands to change 

several of its academic and administrative

policies (particular ones on student protest

and admission of international students and

any student misbehavior).

See details at THE HILL.com/homenews/education/

5265069-harvard-trump-fighting-lester-holt

EPA (Dept. of Environmental Justice) - hundreds of workers terminated on Earth Day 2025

To observe Earth Day 2025

hundreds of staffers in the EPA

office of Environmental Justice

and External Civil Rights office

were given R.I.F.

reduction in force notification :

You're Fired!

by Donald J. Trump and JD Vance

April 22, 2025

newrepublic.com/post/194263/trump-firing-earth-day-epa

Measles cases in Michigan -- 8th reported -- APRIL 23, 2025 evening

 see details of infants exposed and

developments across Michigan

freep.com/story/news/health/2025/04/23/

ingham-county-measles-case-1-year-old-boy/

83238840007

Mark Carney of Ottawa, Canada

ECONOMIC TIMES dot-com

reports that a poll conducted by YOU GOV dot-com

expects the voting results by election final returns after

returns are fully verified and sealed to be that

new Prime Minister MARK CARNEY and his political

party will win a projected 182 seats in Parliament

The Canadian public trusts the former Banking official

to handle US-Canada relations more than his major

rivals to become Prime Minister, head of government.

April 24 (Thursday after Easter 2025).

Voting results from early voting by many sections

of Canada's provincial voting will be discussed on

Monday 4/28 polls close gradually over Time Zones

(far eastern like Quebec and Nova Scotia-Newfoundland

to far western population centers like Vancouver,

British Columbia)

Santa Maria Maggiore: one of five great Basilicas in Rome

Details about the

August 5 (annually) commemoration

of its dedication - reconstruction - expansion

at the ancient area called Esquiline Hill

part of the hills of ancient Rome.

"Saint Mary Major"

[in Italian : Santa Maria Maggiore ] . . .

see details about the laypeople and the

4th Century Pope (Liberius) who originated

the building plans. . .uncertainty / legends /

discussion of Council of Ephesus, 431 C.E.

ncronline.org/Vatican/history-st-mary-major-

basilica-where-pope-francis-will-be-entombed

Dateline April 23, 2025 - Rome, ITALY

Assault on Kyiv kills 12 -- Russian - N. Korean assault April 24, 2025

Deadly airstrikes hit Ukraine's capital

The deadliest attack on Kyiv since Summer

2024 -- 12 killed, many missing, +100 injured.

Once again, Russia strikes civilians

Drones and cruise missiles also hit the

2nd largest city, Kharkiv; one strike hit

a residential neighborhood, injuring many.

nytimes.com/2025/04/24/world/Europe/

ukraine-russia-missile-airstrikes.html

BREAKING NEWS:

Ukraine rescue and defense officials

report that the missile used was from

North Korea

Uvalde - City (Texas) and 19 families of mass shooting victims (children + teacher)

It is reported by The Hill dot-com that 

City of Uvalde, Texas has reached a settlement

with the 19 families whose children or mother

were slaughtered in the mass shooting in 2022

thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/5263384-

uvalde-school-shooting-family-settlement

April 23, 2025

Grand Rapids, Michigan

Friends of the Library

Book sale - GRPL dot-org

Grand Rapids Public Library

Biggest book sale of the year!

Saturday April 26, 2025

9 a.m. - 4 p.m.

Sunday 4/27: 1 - 4 p.m.

111 Library street NE

Grand Rapids, Michigan

on the second day, bring

a grocery paper sack and fill it

for $5 -- on both days books are

50 cents a piece.

Good dad, good husband, good Governor

Gov. Josh Shapiro's story of

waking up to find arson in residence /

dining area where they had celebrated

PASSOVER some hours before --

everything burned and even the

Haggadah unreadable due to flames

and soaked from waters to put that out.

op-ed

nytimes.com/2025/04/23/opinion/

josh-shapiro-governor-mansion-arson.html

Nov. 2024 Federal elections turnout (estimate of voter participation vs. apathy)?

according to Univ. of Florida ELECTION LAB

(see US News & World Report)

245 million could have voted and early

totals came in at more than 150 million

across the eligible jurisdictions/precincts :

this means that close to 90 million

people (+18 years old and legally registered)

did not vote in the most recent Federal elections

(for Pres./VP, Governor's races, all House Representative,

and 1/3 of the U.S. Senate).

Canadians voter turnout early in April 28, 2025 election

Whereas 5.8 million voted in elections in April 2021

given the chance to vote early --

thus far (as reported in CBC.ca/news/politics)

7.3 million Canadians voted on

the Easter - Holy Week period.

The total electorate registered to

participate in Canada is 28.2 million

according to Elections Canada spokesperson.

During the last federal elections there

62.6 percent of voters participated.

Title VI of the Civil Rights Law

Harvard University's fight against the punitive steps

taken against its own administration by the Trump-Vance

team about "Anti-Semitism task force demands"

center on the unconstitutional sway it attempted to

blast in with, while discarding the rights to due process

implicit in such

Title VI section of the Civil Rights Law.

An email versus a regular notification was sent by

three General Counsels for the task force with demands

so onerous Harvard officials and their attorneys decided

to take on the Trump-Vance administration's task-force:

General Counsel Sean Keveny / Josh Gruenbaum

/ Thomas E. Wheeler.

update on unfolding litigation

nytimes.com/2025/04/22/us-trump-harvard-legal-case.html

A defense that the Canon need include 4 Gospels, no more, no less

St. Irenaeus (a Doctor of the Church, 2nd Century) Adversus

Haereses III.#11, parts  8-9

It is not possible that the Gospels can be

either more or fewer than they are.  For,

since there are four zones of the world

in which we live, and four principal winds. . .

it is fitting that [the Church] should have

four pillars. . .From which fact, it is evident

that the Word [Greek logos ; Latin verbum]

. . .has given us the Gospel under four

aspects, but bound together by one Spirit. . .

For the cherubim, too, were four-faced . . .

These things being so, all who destroy the

form of the Gospel are vain, unlearned, and

also audacious;  those who represent the

aspects of the Gospel as being either more

in number than as aforesaid, or, on the

other hand, fewer. . .

Mark the Evangelist -- Eusebius of Caesarea discussion

 Ecclesiastical History Book III. #39. sections 15 - 16:

Mark, having become the interpreter of Peter,

wrote down accurately,

though not indeed in order,

whatsoever he remembered of

the things said or done by Christ.

For he (Mark) neither heard the Lord

nor followed him, but afterward,

as I said, he followed Peter, who

adapted his teaching to the needs of 

his hearers, but with no intention of

giving a connected account of the Lord's

discourses,

so that Mark committed no error while he thus

wrote some things as he remembered them.

For he was careful of one thing,

not to OMIT any of the things which he had heard,

and not to state any of them falsely!

[this may imply that in the 

second century, according to

Papias, a church elder, Mark's

Gospel had been subjected to

criticism or denigration]

Volodymyr Zelenskiyy

The President of Ukraine (a democracy)

will attend the funeral of Pope Francis,

who often mentioned his concern for all

people in the invaded country, Christians,

Jews (like the President), Orthodox, and 

those who were secular and non-religious.

He prayed for peace and often received the

embattled world leader when he was in Italy.

Giovanni Batista Re

Dean of the College of Cardinals

(91 years old)

will preside over the Papal Funeral

which for 2025 will feature simpler

rituals in keeping with the more

down-to-earth informal style that 

became a trademark of Pope Francis'

career.

UPDATE:  He read some of the opening

liturgy at 4:20 a.m. at the Outdoor Mass

in St. Peter's Square, Vatican City.

Francis designated in his will that he will 

be buried in the earth in a simple coffin;

in the papal basilica of St. Mary Major.

As a 91-year-old, Cardinal Re

therefore is NOT

in charge of the Conclave [252 cardinals,

190 of whom may vote for the next Pope

since they are not older than 80].

Measles Outbreak (very high contagiousness)

The Measles outbreak in Western Texas is now

624 cases. . . today (Apr. 23rd)

5 cases reported in Montana.

ABCnews.go.com/ reporting

Book of Prophet Jeremiah 29:11

 For I know the plans

I have for you,

DECLARES THE LORD,

plans to prosper you

and not to harm you,

plans to give you a 

future and a hope!

On growing old

from his preface for Cardinal Scola's

book "Awaiting a new beginning:

reflections on old age" (2024)

We must not be afraid of

old age; we must not fear

embracing becoming old,

because life is life;

sugarcoating that reality

means betraying the truth

of things.

signed FRANCISCUS

Wife of Norway's head of State hospitalized again this year

Queen Sonja, wife of King Harald, is again hospitalized in 2025

following a Jan. installation of a pacemaker following heart disease

irregular beating.

reuters.com/Europe/norways-queen-sonja-87-hospitalised-shortness-breath-april-21.html

Monday April 21, 2025

PLACE: National Hospital

Ronen Bar - Israel's spy chief - update (April 28, 2025)

He will resign June 15, six weeks after

Benjamin Netanyahu tried to oust him.

He has served Shin Bet (counterintelligence

in the Israeli cabinet) for 35 years.

________________________________________

Israel spy chief tells the Country's media

that P.M. Netanyahu's attempt to fire him

followed his refusal to take steps spying on

Israeli protesters and disrupting Netanyahu's

ongoing corruption trial.

Reuters dot-com

NEW Developments in exchange of

Court documents -- this has roiled Israeli

society and jurisprudence

27 April 2025

God bless Pope Francis (the Jesuit priest and Father-figure for the world) : Jorge Bergoglio

 Born Dec. 17, 1936

to loving parents - eldest of 5; his sister Elena survives him

Became a priest; joined Jesuit order; was Church Bishop

Dared to be a Christian leader in the face of autocracy

Was favored to succeed a next Pope when John Paul II

(another non-Italian church leader) died after a long illness

He managed during the interim papacy of Benedict XVI

(Josef Ratzinger of Germany) and then was elected as

a needed church leader when Benedict suddenly retired;

he was elected by the College of Cardinals in 2013

in the Sistine Chapel; his tenure and amazing influence

at the world-level was between 2013 and yesterday -

April 20, 2025 (Easter Sunday in both the R. Catholic

and Eastern Rite and Orthodox reckonings) -- also

the summit of the Church Year for most all Protestants

around the world as well.

He died in his sleep with angels watching over him.

Further detail - People of many nations have made the trek

to St. Peter's Basilica, Vatican City in praise but fervently

in grief; his coffin will be sealed Friday Apr. 25 and the

Funeral held at 10 a.m. local Time Sat. April 26.  Present

at that tightly secured service will be world dignitaries,

others invited of common stock and the poor of Rome.

His body will go in a procession to be buried at Santa

Maria Maggiore after the morning Funeral to be

watched around the globe.

We mourn the loss of him over an extended period

this month and for many months and years to come!

Miserando atque eligendo

[LATIN : having mercy

he called him ] !

Historical Fact of the INCARNATION - from "Flannery O'Connor: Images of Grace" (1986, Eerdmans)

part of Harold Fickett's INTRODUCTION (section of

Flannery O'Connor: Images of Grace 

critical-biographical essay)

As a Christian humanist, O'Connor

had a very high view of natural revelation:

she believed that the artist, if he is doing

his job properly, can hardly fail to testify

to the consequences of God becoming

incarnate, even if only by way of presenting

the destruction, the evil, where he is rejected.

The light of natural revelation grew

immeasurably more intense in the revelation

of Christ as manifested in his presence in the

church (R. Catholic), especially in the forms

of the Eucharist, baptism, and other 5 sacraments. . .

The historical Fact of the Incarnation and the

timeless reality of Christ's presence in the

Church and its sacraments were the touchstones

of her (O'Connor's) belief.  That matter in the

body of Christ had been consecrated and raised

up to heaven as the vessel of charity gave

O'Connor the conviction that, despite the age

of unbelief in which she lived, there must be

points of contact between the holy and

the secular world of modern man.

[ The novelist/short story writer

was born Mary Flannery O'Connor

on March 25, 1925, the only child

of Francis O'Connor, Jr. and Regina

Cline O'Connor (of Milledgeville, GA).

Even at her life's end, O'Connor

in her last correspondence maintained

her sense of humor . . .She lapsed

into a coma and died at Baldwin County

Hospital of kidney failure on August

3, 1964 at the age of 39. ]

LIGHT

Final episode of WOLF HALL (TV adaptation

of Hilary Mantel trilogy on Thomas Cromwell

and his fraught relationship with Cardinal Wolsey --

and their patron / executioner Henry VIII

"Light" episode series conclusion aired

Sunday April 28, 2025

check your local listings for

station and start time

53 minutes: Thomas Cromwell

is stripped of his titles and

taken to the Tower of London

on a charge of treason.  He

has no friends to speak for

him but plenty of enemies among

his prosecutors.

This series is the direct

sequel to WOLF HALL (those 6 episodes

aired 10 years ago) utilizing

principal actors: Mark Ryland,

Damian Lewis, Jonathan Pryce,

Claire Foy.  10* [my IMDb rating]

All told, the 12 episodes are based

on Hilary Mantel's trilogy: Wolf Hall;

Bring Out the Bodies; and The Mirror

and the Light.  Mantel assisted in

the TV screenplay adaptations before

her death at age 70 on 22 Sept. 2022.

I RATE IT a 10* out of 10

V-E Day (anniversary this year) - May 8 - 80 years ago

The Victory of the Allies over

the European Nazi-Fascist forces

(Germany & Italy, under Hitler & Mussolini).

April 1945 -- see history recorded timeline.

____

The British Parliament will mark the

80th anniversary with a weeklong series:

May 5 : Military procession and fly-over;

May 6: Iconic buildings will be lit up

and 25,000 ceramic poppies will cascade

from the Tower of London;

May 7 -- performance of the Parliament Choir;

May 8 -- a service in Westminster Abbey with

a V-E Concert on the BBC.

An end to violence, from Gaza to the Sahel --- Pope Francis' Urbi et Erbi message (2025)

Easter Message (Pope Francis)

calls out that "PEACE is possible!"

From the Holy Sepulchre, the Church of the Resurrection,

where this year Easter is being celebrated by Catholics & Orthodox

on the same day, may the light of peace radiate throughout the

Holy Land and the entire world!

The leader of the Roman Catholic and Eastern Rite Catholics

expresses his "closeness to the sufferings of Christians in Palestine

and Israel, and to all the Israeli people and to the Palestinian

people.  The growing climate of anti-semitism throughout the world

is worrisome.  Yet, at the same time, I think of the people of Gaza,

and its Christian community in particular, where the terrible conflict

continues to cause death and destruction and to create a dramatic

and deplorable humanitarian situation.  I appeal to the warring

parties: call a cease-fire, release the hostages, and come to the aid

of a starving people that aspires to a future of peace!"

He also mentions the suffering populations of Syria, Lebanon, 

Christians of the beloved Middle East; the blessing of Peace from

the Risen Christ to Ukraine as well as the south Caucasus (Armenia

and Azerbaijan), Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sudan, and

South Sudan, the Sahel (the Horn of Africa region), the people

of Myanmar. . .