Four main fast periods are included in the ecclesiastical year. They are:
- The Great Fast (Lent)--beginning on a Monday 7 weeks before Easter.
- Fast of the Apostles--varying in length from 1 to 6 weeks; it begins on a Monday, 8 days after Pentecost, and ends on June 28--the eve of the feast of Saints Peter and Paul.
- Fast of the Repose of the Virgin Mary--August 1 to 14.
- Christmas Fast--lasting 40 days, from November 15 to December 24.
Although the term denotes total abstinence from food or drink, fasting as practiced in the Orthodox Church means abstinence from meat, fish, dairy products, olive oil, and wine. Total abstinence is reserved for the fast of several hours duration preceding Holy Communion. The rules for fasting prescribed by the holy canons are quite rigid; and, although they are still observed in the monasteries and by the very devout, most Orthodox Christians today find it difficult to uphold the traditional practice for the length of time prescribed. Nevertheless, any deviation from the norm is permitted only following consultation with one's spiritual father or with the prior approval of the local hierarchy.
http://www.goarch.org/ourfaith/ourfaith7070 [Calendar of the Orthodox Archdiocese of America]
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