Asteroid fly-by (Tuesday Nov. 8, 2011) : 2005 YU55

from coverage by Washington Post online reporter (Nov. 2011):

Asteroid 2005 YU55 has a name only a scientist could love. They’re also loving the chance to stare at the nearly round, slowly spinning chunk of space debris as it flies by at some 30,000 mph.
“It will be scanned and probed and scanned some more,” said Marina Brozovic, an asteroid researcher at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
Starting last Friday (Nov. 4), Brozovic will ping the approaching asteroid with radar from giant dishes at Goldstone, Calif. She wants to map every crater and boulder while refining estimates of the asteroid’s path, which swings inside the orbit of Venus and then out near Mars, crossing Earth’s orbit.
Meanwhile, telescopes in Arizona and Hawaii will analyze light reflected from the asteroid to determine more precisely what it’s made of. Already scientists know it’s darker than charcoal, because it’s a “C-type” asteroid, heavy with carbon and silicate minerals. Astronomers will also look for signs of water.
Similar asteroids that have plunged to Earth — called carbonaceous chondrites — hold within them amino acids and other building blocks of life.
“These are the objects that probably seeded the early Earth with carbon-based materials and water that allowed life to form,” said Don Yeomans, manager of NASA’s Near Earth Object Program, which tracks space objects that veer close to our planet.
Since a humble start at a single telescope in the 1980s, NASA’s $5 million-per-year asteroid-tracking program has matured to the point where the agency said in September that it has detected more than 90 percent of “planet killer” asteroids, those bigger than one kilometer in diameter. None will hit Earth in the foreseeable future, the agency has said.
The tracking program detects hundreds of smaller space rocks each year, closely watching their orbits. So far, none of those pose a threat either.
In the past, giant asteroids have crashed into Earth and devastated life. The most famous, at least seven miles wide, blasted a crater in the Yucatan Peninsula some 65 million years ago, triggering a cataclysm that probably wiped out the dinosaurs.
If a space rock the size of 2005 YU55 ever hit Earth, it would explode like 500 nuclear bombs, trigger a 7.0 magnitude earthquake and, if it splashed down in the ocean, generate a 70-foot tsunami, said Purdue University’s Jay Melosh.
Already, scientists have determined this asteroid poses no threat for the next century or so.
Still, they’re treating the flyby as a drill, a chance to refine their tracking skills. Said asteroid hunter Richard Binzel of MIT: “If one were ever found on an incoming trajectory, we’ll want to apply all the techniques we are learning now.”